This technique provides the correct evaluation of the quantum mechanical average of an observable. It means that there is not any assumption about the final system state whenever we perform the above mentioned average. As a consequence, it is a suitable tool to study small systems in contact with macroscopic systems which are in "different" thermodynamic equilibrium states.
See the original Keldysh's papers:
- L. V. Keldysh, ZhEFT 47, 1515 (1964)
- L. V. Keldysh, Soviet Physics JEPT 20, 1018 (1965)
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